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991.
The scheme variants of implementing the thermal protection against heat flows being generated by the body of a high-temperature
stationary gas turbine engine (GTE) are presented. The scheme of the experimental bench with a working section is given. Methodical
approaches to the heat transfer calculation at different variants of forced and natural convection organization and under
various operating conditions are described. The generalized results of the experiments carried out using a heat curtain being
generated by porous injection are presented. 相似文献
992.
B. I. Mamaev 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2011,54(2):159-164
Some design and experimental data on three cascades with the same 12° bending angle for the primary nozzle block of a gas
turbine are presented. As is seen from the investigation the most efficient at the transonic velocities of the outward flow
are the blades, the back curvature of which in the bevel cut zone decreases to the trailing edge. Also presented is the fact
that the blade with the increasing back curvature has noticeably larger losses. 相似文献
993.
The results of investigation of dynamic system sensitivity to parametric variations in the channel of flight vehicle lateral
motion are presented using the notion of infinitesimal transformation. The exact relationships establishing a link between
the structure of parameter deviation and that of system phase coordinate deviation are obtained. 相似文献
994.
995.
R.O. Pacumbaba Jr. C.A. Beyl 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
The adaptation of specific remote sensing and hyperspectral analysis techniques for the determination of incipient nutrient stress in plants could allow early detection and precision supplementation for remediation, important considerations for minimizing mass of advanced life support systems on space station and long term missions. This experiment was conducted to determine if hyperspectral reflectance could be used to detect nutrient stress in Lactuca sativa L. cv. Black Seeded Simpson. Lettuce seedlings were grown for 90 days in a greenhouse or growth chamber in vermiculite containing modified Hoagland’s nutrient solution with key macronutrient elements removed in order to induce a range of nutrient stresses, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Leaf tissue nutrient concentrations were compared with corresponding spectral reflectances taken at the end of 90 days. Spectral reflectances varied with growing location, position on the leaf, and nutrient deficiency treatment. Spectral responses of lettuce leaves under macronutrient deficiency conditions showed an increase in reflectance in the red, near red, and infrared wavelength ranges. The data obtained suggest that spectral reflectance shows the potential as a diagnostic tool in predicting nutrient deficiencies in general. Overlapping of spectral signatures makes the use of wavelengths of narrow bandwidths or individual bands for the discrimination of specific nutrient stresses difficult without further data processing. 相似文献
996.
N.A. Tikhomirova S.A. Ushakova Yu.A. Kudenko I.V. Gribovskaya E.S. Shklavtsova Yu.V. Balnokin L.G. Popova N.A. Myasoedov J.-B. Gros Ch. Lasseur 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
This study addresses the possibility of growing different halophytic plants on mineralized human urine as a way to recycle NaCl from human wastes in a bioregenerative life support system (BLSS). Two halophytic plant species were studied: the salt-accumulating Salicornia europaea and the salt-secreting Limonium gmelinii. During the first two weeks, plants were grown on Knop’s solution, then an average daily amount of urine produced by one human, which had been preliminarily mineralized, was gradually added to the experimental solutions. Nutrient solutions simulating urine mineral composition were gradually added to control solutions. NaCl concentrations in the stock solutions added to the experimental and control solutions were 9 g/L in the first treatment and 20 g/L in the second treatment. The mineralized human urine showed some inhibitory effects on S. europaea and L. gmelinii. The biomass yield of experimental plants was lower than that of control ones. If calculated for the same time period (120 d) and area (1 m2), the amount of sodium chloride taken up by S. europaea plants would be 11.7 times larger than the amount taken up by L. gmelinii plants (486 g/m2 vs. 41 g/m2). Thus, S. europaea is the better choice of halophyte for recycling sodium chloride from human wastes in BLSS. 相似文献
997.
Artem L. Ponomarev Alamelu Sundaresan Marcelo E. Vazquez Peter Guida Angela Kim Francis A. Cucinotta 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
In heavy ion radiotherapy and space travel humans are exposed to energetic heavy ions (C, Si, Fe and others). This type of irradiation often produces more severe biological effects per unit dose than more common X-rays. A new Monte Carlo model generates a physical space with the complex geometry of human tissue or a cell culture based model of tissue, which is affected by the passage of ionizing radiation. For irradiation, the model relies on a physical code for the ion track structure; for tissues, cellular maps are derived from two- or three-dimensional confocal microscopy images using image segmentation algorithm, which defines cells as pixilated volumes. The model is used to study tissue-specific statistics of direct ion hits and the remote ion action on cells. As an application of the technique, we considered the spatial pattern of apoptotic cells after heavy ion irradiation. The pattern of apoptosis is modeled as a stochastic process, which is defined by the action cross section taken from available experimental data. To characterize the degree of apoptosis, an autocorrelation function that describes the spatial correlation of apoptotic cells is introduced. The values of the autocorrelation function demonstrate the effect of the directionality of the radiation track on the spatial arrangements of inactivated cells in tissue. This effect is intrinsic only to high linear-energy-transfer radiation. 相似文献
998.
A.L. Mishev P.I.Y. Velinov 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
Several recent results important for production of ion pairs in the Earth atmosphere by various primary cosmic ray nuclei are presented. The direct ionization by various primary cosmic ray nuclei is explicitly obtained. The longitudinal profile of atmospheric cascades is sensitive to the energy and mass (charge) of the primary particle. In this study different cosmic ray nuclei are considered as primaries, namely Helium, Oxygen and Iron nuclei. The cosmic ray induced ionization is obtained on the basis of CORSIKA 6.52 code simulations using FLUKA 2006 and QGSJET II hadronic interaction models. The energy of the primary particles is normalized to GeV per nucleon. In addition, the ionization yield function Y is normalized as ion pair production per nucleon. The obtained ionization yield functions Y for various primaries are compared. The presented results and their application are discussed. 相似文献
999.
A.L. Mishev P.I.Y. Velinov L. Mateev Y. Tassev 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
The cosmic ray ground level enhancement on January 20, 2005 is among the largest recorded events in the history of cosmic ray measurements. The solar protons of MeV energies cause an excess of ionization in the atmosphere, specifically over polar caps following major solar disturbances. The ionization effect in the Earth atmosphere is obtained for various latitudes on the basis of solar proton energy spectra, reconstructed from GOES 11 measurements and subsequent full Monte Carlo simulation of cosmic ray induced atmospheric cascade. The estimation of ionization rates is based on a numerical model for cosmic ray induced ionization. The evolution of atmospheric cascade is performed with the CORSIKA 6.52 code using FLUKA 2006b and QGSJET II hadron interaction models. The atmospheric ion rate ionization is explicitly obtained for 40°N, 60°N and 80°N latitudes. The time evolution of obtained ion rates is presented. It is demonstrated that ionization effect is negative for 40°N and small for 60°N, because of accompanying Forbush decrease. The ionization effect is significant only in sub-polar and polar atmosphere during the major ground level enhancement of 20 January 2005. 相似文献
1000.
B.G. Ayantunji P.N. Okeke J.O. Urama 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
The seasonal variation of surface refractivity over Nigeria was studied using two years in-situ meteorological data from eight locations over Nigeria. The result shows that the surface refractivity generally has higher value during rainy season than dry season at all location studied. The results also show that the value of surface refractivity increases from arid region in the north to the coastal area in south. The results also show that local meteorology plays a very important role in refractivity variation. 相似文献